Peripheral neuropathy encompasses various conditions involving damage to the peripheral nervous system, which serves as an extensive communication network transmitting signals between the central nervous system (the brain and spinal cord) and all other parts of the body.
The peripheral nerves carry a wide range of sensory information from the body to the central nervous system, such as relaying the sensation of cold feet. They also transmit signals from the central nervous system to different parts of the body. These signals include instructions for muscle contractions, enabling movement, as well as regulating vital functions like heart rate, blood vessels, digestion, urination, sexual function, bone health, and immune system responses.
In essence, peripheral nerves function similarly to the cables that connect various components of a computer or link the Internet. When they encounter dysfunction, intricate bodily functions can come to a halt.
Symptoms of neuropathy can vary from mild to debilitating, but they are generally not life-threatening. The specific symptoms experienced depend on the type of nerve fibers affected and the extent of the damage. These symptoms may manifest gradually over a period of days, weeks, or even years. In certain instances, the symptoms may resolve spontaneously and may not necessitate extensive medical intervention. Unlike nerve cells in the central nervous system, peripheral nerve cells retain the ability to grow and regenerate throughout an individual's lifetime.
It has been estimated that over 20 million people in the United States are affected by some form of peripheral neuropathy. However, this figure may be considerably higher as not all individuals with neuropathy symptoms undergo testing, and current tests do not cover all types of neuropathy. Neuropathy is frequently misdiagnosed due to its intricate range of symptoms.
